As I’ve mentioned before, it’s sometimes hard to find good information about a given strain of yeast. I experienced this a great deal with one of the White Lab yeasts that I used (I plan on writing about it when the beer is done). We’ve decided to take on this topic by writing an evaluation of particular strains we’ve used to brew. Our experience will hopefully be the gateway for more discussion, understanding, and knowledge about yeast usage within the context of homebrewing. At any rate, I decided to kick off the series with a fairly common yeast with the hopes of hearing some additional input.
I’m still working out a “template” for the information that will best answer a range of questions. Hopefully, this is a good start.
Yeast Type: Wyeast 1028 London Ale Yeast.
This was one of the so-called “smack packs.” The thing that I really like about these smack packs is that you can see that you have a healthy yeast going by watching the pack swell. Normally, three to six hours prior to use is a good period of time to activate the pack. I’ve personally had great success with this strain using the smack pack; I always get a healthy pack and start.
Yeast Uses: The most common uses for this strain type are porters and stouts. As the manufacturer suggests, milds, old ales, and barley wines are also acceptable styles for this yeast. More often than not, the brewer who uses this strain may be looking for a drier and more mineral oriented beer vs. a fruitier and less attenuated style.
Yeast Attenuation: The manufacturer gives a 73-77% attenuation (thinning down) level, which is essentially to say that the yeast will ferment up to 77% of the wort. I found my beer to be right in the middle of this range at 75% attenuation. My starting gravity was 1.087 and my final was 1.022. Bear in mind that I also had lactose, malto-dextrine, and coconut, all of which are not fermentables in my wort. This accounts for the 1.022 final gravity. There is no reason to suspect that I might not have achieved 80% attenuation (or more). Be that as it may, the beer easily reached the 8.5% ABV mark (or right in that range), with most of that coming in the first 24 hours.
Yeast Lag: With some yeast strains, a very long lag time can occur (which is actually why I started this series). This strain is robust and does not usually have a long yeast respiration cycle. Once I put in the contents of my smack pack and closed the fermenter, I saw signs of CO2 pressure within 4 hours. Within 6, I saw active bubbling. Within 8, yeast activity had drastically increased. I’ve found this strain to be a consistent and robust performer, always showing a good and active start within 12 hours. As with any yeast, give yourself a solid 18-24 hours before you worry excessively. However, my experience has led me to believe that any more than 12-16 hours of lag for this strain may be problematic. Always check “smack pack” dates when purchasing, and store properly.
Overall Performance: The limit that the manufacturer gives for alcohol tolerance on this yeast is 10%. Normally, a starter is recommended for gravities above 1.070. However, I opted not to make a starter and still easily achieved 8.5%. If you are aiming for the 10% ABV, then a starter may be a good idea. Seeing as how I did not push the boundaries of this yeast this time, it’s difficult to say what the yeast limits actually are. However, about a year ago, I did achieve an 11% ABV with this strain using a 1/3 gallon starter and no yeast nutrients. I see no reason why one couldn’t possibly achieve a slightly higher level with a larger starter, especially if yeast nutrients were used.
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Great posting! This is the first Yeast review I’ve seen, wonderful idea.
I haven’t had any current workings with this strain, but I do love the idea of smack packs. Although, over the last year I’ve had a problem with them being on the old side and getting lackluster/underpitched results. I’ve done two things,
1) change my online source of where I buy my yeast and that seems to have helped.
2) make a small starter (1040-1045) for every batch of beer and increase the starter size depending on the gravity of the beer. every batch starts of with a 1000ml starter and for every 20-25pts over 1050, I increase by another 1000ml.
did you use any O2 before pitching the yeast?
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Thanks for the pat on the back about the idea. Really it came from being irritated from not being able to find anything about certain yeasts (at least not clear cut). I’m going to be writing a few more when I use the yeasts…some I’m still waiting to see how they finish out.
As far as yeast health goes, I always like to see the packs that I’m buying for the reason that you said. The pitching, for me, is always straight into the fermenter unless the o.g. is above 1.070. Otherwise, I do make a healthy starter.
O2. The only O2 I use is splashing and pumping some ambient air in with my auto siphon. I seem to have good results with it.
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[...] As Mike has stated before, ascertaining good information on a given yeast strain is hard to find [...]
I really like this review! I’ve been away from home brewing for 10 years, and am just starting back into it, and previously 1028 was always our yeast of choice for our heavier ales – strong, brown, porter, and imperial stout. It was always a reliable performer, though I recall it gets tired by the 3rd or 4th pitching.
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Thanks Trev. I’m glad you found this review and liked it. It probably does get tired after a few generations. I suppose it depends on when and where you crop. Either way, I’m trying to use these a sort of database for yeast experiences. If you use it again stop by and let us know what it did for you.
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Just getting into homebrewing in the last year or so, and I’m finally making my own recipes. Do you find that its ester production varies with temperature much? Wyeast doesn’t talk much about temperature ranges, and I’ve read that some yeasts (e.g., Safbrew T-58) vary quite widely depending on what temperature they ferment at.
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beer_scientist Reply:
May 18th, 2011 at 6:05 pm
Steve,
Thanks so much for leaving a comment. It makes me happy to know that more people are homebrewing (congrats on that alone). To answer your question, I would have to say it can depend on the strain of yeast as to how big the esters are. It also depends how significant that temperature has deviated from the recommended level. In fact, the manufacturer will normally give you the optimal ranges.
That being said, I have personally found that Esters do tend to increase a fairly significant amount when the temps go 4or 5 degrees beyond the recommendation. Of course, the beer will still taste good but could be considered to be “off” because the fruits aren’t appropriate.
Hope this helps.
Mike
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Steve Reply:
May 19th, 2011 at 4:24 pm
Indeed, I was hoping you had any good data on 1028 in that regard The oatmeal porter we just cooked up will be the second one using 1028 for me, so I don’t have a lot of personal experience with its range yet.
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michael reinhardt Reply:
May 19th, 2011 at 4:37 pm
https://www.wyeastlab.com/hb_yeaststrain_detail.cfm?ID=4 Great resource.
michael reinhardt Reply:
May 19th, 2011 at 4:38 pm
Any question you have about the data? I’ll be happy to help on that account. I will add that I’ve not had any problems from this one as far as esters go.
Steve Reply:
May 19th, 2011 at 5:20 pm
michael, thanks; the info from that page was what brought me to select it to being with Specifically I was wondering about the 60-72 degree range. Is it a consistent performer throughout that range, or do you find variation within it?
Steve,
The colder will make it more sluggish and it will take a bit longer. Higher will give you a faster fermentation. I wouldn’t pitch too close to the 72 because the temp will raise several degrees with strong fermentation and you might get esters. Middle of the range is your best bet for a speedy fermentation and keep the esters down. Otherwise, you should see pretty consistent fermentation within that range of temps as long as you can keep the temps within it.
So, yes it seems to be pretty consistent within the named range with variation being primarily in fermentation speed.
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Steve Reply:
May 20th, 2011 at 4:04 pm
I must apologize for the back and forth–I feel like I’ve somehow not been clear. When I asked “Do you find that its ester production varies with temperature much?” I was attempting to learn whether you knew of any flavor variation in the yeast’s product within the specified range of 60-72. To further clarify, I have read that, for example, T-58 can give quite spicy esters starting around 68, whereas those notes are much more subdued at 60. And so I was wondering whether 1028 exhibited any similar range in ester production based on temperature.
Sorry to be such a pest. Just lacking in hard data is all.
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beer_scientist Reply:
May 20th, 2011 at 4:13 pm
I think the main one I’ve noted in my beers at the higher end of the temp scale is acetaldehyde. So, I have, on occasion noted an apple tone to the beer. Otherwise, I can’t recall any issues I’ve had. I do have to note that diacetyl is common with this strain, but I don’t consider the caramel/butter tone to be an off one. You can rest at 64 or so to clean it up if you want. The strain is also known to be minerally in nature, which works really well along side “Burtonizing” it. Hopefully, that clarifies a bit.
You are not being a pest at all, by the way. In fact, this is why these posts exists and need continual teasing out.
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